一般如现在(zai)还在(zai)化(hua)(hua)妆品厂广泛使用的搅拌式乳化(hua)(hua)机，所制得的混(hun)合乳化(hua)(hua)机其分(fen)散性差。微粒大(da)且粗糙，稳定(ding)性也(ye)较差，也(ye)较易产生污染。但其制造简单，价格便宜，只要注意选择机器的合理结构，使用得当(dang)，也(ye)是能生产出一般复合质量要求的大(da)众化(hua)(hua)的化(hua)(hua)妆品的。

胶(jiao)体(ti)(ti)磨和均质器是比较(jiao)好的乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)设备。近年(nian)来乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)机(ji)(ji)械有很大(da)进(jin)步，如真空(kong)乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)机(ji)(ji)其(qi)制(zhi)备出的混合乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)机(ji)(ji)的分(fen)散性和稳定性极佳。格里(li)芬（Griffin）曾对不同类(lei)型乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)机(ji)(ji)与(yu)混合乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)机(ji)(ji)粒(li)径大(da)小(xiao)分(fen)布关(guan)系进(jin)行过试(shi)验研究，其(qi)结(jie)果如下表(biao)。乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)设备与(yu)微粒(li)粒(li)径分(fen)布关(guan)系乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)机(ji)(ji)类(lei)型微粒(li)大(da)小(xiao)范围（微米）1％乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)剂5％乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)剂10％乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)剂推进(jin)式搅拌涡轮式搅拌器胶(jiao)体(ti)(ti)磨均质器不乳(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)2－96－91－33－82－44－71－32－52－43－51－3

（二(er)）温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)对(dui)乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)好(hao)坏有很(hen)大的影(ying)响，但对(dui)温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)并无严格的限(xian)制，如若油、水(shui)(shui)皆为液(ye)体时(shi)(shi)，就可在(zai)(zai)室温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下依借搅拌(ban)达到乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)。一(yi)(yi)般乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)取决(jue)于二(er)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)中所含有高(gao)熔(rong)点(dian)物质的熔(rong)点(dian)，还要考虑乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂种类及油相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)与(yu)水(shui)(shui)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的溶解度(du)(du)(du)(du)等(deng)因(yin)素。此(ci)外，二(er)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)之(zhi)温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)需保(bao)持近相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同，尤其(qi)是对(dui)含有较高(gao)熔(rong)点(dian)（70℃以上）的蜡、脂油相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)成分(fen)，进(jin)行乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)时(shi)(shi)，不(bu)(bu)能将低(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)之(zhi)水(shui)(shui)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)加(jia)入，以防(fang)止在(zai)(zai)乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前将蜡、脂结(jie)晶析出，造成块状或粗糙不(bu)(bu)均匀(yun)混合乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)机。一(yi)(yi)般来说(shuo)在(zai)(zai)进(jin)行乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)时(shi)(shi)，油、水(shui)(shui)两相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)皆可控制在(zai)(zai)75℃－85℃之(zhi)间(jian)，如油相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)有高(gao)熔(rong)点(dian)的蜡等(deng)成分(fen)，则此(ci)时(shi)(shi)乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)就要高(gao)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)。另外在(zai)(zai)乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)过程中如粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)增(zeng)加(jia)很(hen)大，所谓太稠而影(ying)响搅拌(ban)，则可适当提(ti)高(gao)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)过程中如粘度(du)(du)(du)(du)增(zeng)加(jia)很(hen)大，所谓太稠而影(ying)响搅拌(ban)，则可适当提(ti)高(gao)一(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)。若使用的乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)剂具有一(yi)(yi)定的转相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，则乳(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)也最好(hao)选(xuan)在(zai)(zai)转相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)转相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)温(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)左右。

乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)度(du)(du)对(dui)混合(he)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)机微(wei)(wei)(wei)粒大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)有时(shi)(shi)(shi)亦有影(ying)(ying)响(xiang)。如一般用(yong)(yong)脂肪(fang)酸皂阴(yin)离(li)子(zi)(zi)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)，用(yong)(yong)初生皂法进行(xing)(xing)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)度(du)(du)控制在(zai)80℃时(shi)(shi)(shi)，混合(he)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)机微(wei)(wei)(wei)粒大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)约(yue)1.8－2.0μm，如若(ruo)在(zai)60℃进行(xing)(xing)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，这时(shi)(shi)(shi)微(wei)(wei)(wei)粒大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)约(yue)为6μm。而用(yong)(yong)非离(li)子(zi)(zi)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)进行(xing)(xing)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)度(du)(du)对(dui)微(wei)(wei)(wei)粒大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)影(ying)(ying)响(xiang)较(jiao)弱。80℃时(shi)(shi)(shi)，混合(he)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)机微(wei)(wei)(wei)粒大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)约(yue)1.8－2.0μm，如若(ruo)在(zai)60℃进行(xing)(xing)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，这时(shi)(shi)(shi)微(wei)(wei)(wei)粒大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)约(yue)为6μm。而用(yong)(yong)非离(li)子(zi)(zi)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)进行(xing)(xing)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)度(du)(du)对(dui)微(wei)(wei)(wei)粒大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)影(ying)(ying)响(xiang)较(jiao)弱。用(yong)(yong)非离(li)子(zi)(zi)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)剂(ji)进行(xing)(xing)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)时(shi)(shi)(shi)，乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)度(du)(du)对(dui)微(wei)(wei)(wei)粒大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)影(ying)(ying)响(xiang)较(jiao)弱。

（三）乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)时间(jian)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)时间(jian)显然对混合(he)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)机的(de)(de)(de)(de)质量有(you)(you)影响(xiang)，而乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)时间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)确定(ding)，是要根(gen)据(ju)油相水相的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)积比，两相的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘度及生(sheng)成(cheng)混合(he)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)机的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘度，乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)剂的(de)(de)(de)(de)类(lei)型及用量，还有(you)(you)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)度，油相水相的(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)积比，两相的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘度及生(sheng)成(cheng)混合(he)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)机的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘度，乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)剂的(de)(de)(de)(de)类(lei)型及用量，还有(you)(you)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)温(wen)度，但乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)时间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)多少，是为使体系进(jin)行(xing)充(chong)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，是与乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)设备(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)效(xiao)率紧密相连的(de)(de)(de)(de)，可根(gen)据(ju)经验和实验来(lai)确定(ding)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)时间(jian)。如(ru)用均质器（3000转/分(fen)钟(zhong)(zhong)）进(jin)行(xing)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，仅需用3－10分(fen)钟(zhong)(zhong)。3000转/分(fen)钟(zhong)(zhong)）进(jin)行(xing)乳(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)(ru)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，仅需用3－10分(fen)钟(zhong)(zhong)。

（四）搅拌(ban)(ban)速(su)(su)度(du)乳(ru)化(hua)设(she)备对(dui)(dui)乳(ru)化(hua)有很大影(ying)响，其中(zhong)(zhong)之(zhi)一(yi)是(shi)搅拌(ban)(ban)速(su)(su)度(du)对(dui)(dui)乳(ru)化(hua)的(de)影(ying)响。搅拌(ban)(ban)速(su)(su)度(du)适中(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)为使(shi)油相与(yu)水相充分的(de)混(hun)合，搅拌(ban)(ban)速(su)(su)度(du)过低，显然达不到充分混(hun)合的(de)目的(de)，但(dan)搅拌(ban)(ban)速(su)(su)度(du)过高，会将气(qi)泡(pao)带入体系，使(shi)之(zhi)成为三相体系，而使(shi)混(hun)合乳(ru)化(hua)机不稳定。

搅(jiao)拌(ban)速度过(guo)(guo)低，显(xian)然达不到充(chong)分混合的(de)目的(de)，但搅(jiao)拌(ban)速度过(guo)(guo)高，会将气泡带(dai)入(ru)体(ti)系(xi)，使之成为三(san)相(xiang)体(ti)系(xi)，而使混合乳化机(ji)不稳定(ding)。因此搅(jiao)拌(ban)中必须避(bi)免空气的(de)进入(ru).